India's duck & camel

All-India · May 2026 · net load · as of September 2026

34%

midday turn-down

Net load falls from a 216 GW evening/night peak to a 143 GW daytime belly, with about 83 GW of solar + wind at the belly. The duck is no longer a future scenario — it is the shape of India’s grid today.

The three signals + the storage gap

Live value, paired with the EAC-PM paper’s reference. Badges show coverage.

Midday → evening price

National

7.4×

₹1.28 midday → ₹9.46 evening · IEX DAM (2026-08)

EAC-PM (May 2026): 8.8× — ₹1.11 → ₹9.71

Storage gap (evening ramp)

National

~155 GWh

short of halving the evening ramp — the fleet covers only ~13% (23.8 GWh discharged)

EAC-PM (May 2026 evening): 130 GWh needed vs 23.8 GWh discharged

Solar curtailment

Partial

≥14.3 GWh/day

Rajasthan only, estimated — national metered pending the REMC feed

EAC-PM (May 2026, all-India): ~24 GWh/day

Stress after dark

Proxy

16 / 59 days

peak demand falls outside the solar window (8 AM–4 PM) — a timing proxy for the paper's metered shortage

EAC-PM (Apr–May 2026): 36/61 non-solar-hour shortage days vs 6/61 solar-hour

Storage gap by state

The paper is all-India; the flexibility problem is not. This is the storage-mandate priority list — states ranked by the daily net-load swing the dispatchable fleet must follow, on the paper’s Demand−Solar lens. States whose midday net load already crosses below zero are flagged.

#StateEvening rampTurn-downNet-load floorShape
1Rajasthan· 202519.6 GW132%-32%CamelNegative
2Gujarat· 202511.1 GW53%47%Camel
3Karnataka· 20255.0 GW46%54%Camel
4Tamil Nadu· 20255.0 GW31%69%Camel
5Maharashtra· 20253.5 GW17%83%Camel
6Andhra Pradesh· 20252.6 GW29%71%Camel
7Madhya Pradesh· 20252.5 GW22%79%Camel
8Telangana· 20252.1 GW26%74%Camel
9Uttar Pradesh· 20251.9 GW15%85%
10Haryana· 20250.7 GW14%86%
11Punjab· 20250.7 GW14%86%
12Bihar· 20250.6 GW15%85%
13Chhattisgarh· 20250.5 GW16%84%Camel
14Delhi· 20250.5 GW14%86%
15Odisha· 20250.5 GW15%85%
16Kerala· 20250.3 GW14%87%
17Uttarakhand· 20250.2 GW14%86%
18Assam· 20250.1 GW16%84%
19Goa· 20250.1 GW14%86%
20Puducherry· 20250.0 GW15%85%
21Chandigarh· 20250.0 GW16%84%Camel
22Manipur· 20250.0 GW16%84%
23Mizoram· 20250.0 GW20%80%Camel
24Lakshadweep· 20250.0 GW35%65%Camel

Net-load floor is the daily minimum as a share of the evening peak; below zero means midday solar has pushed net load negative. Highlighted states have already crossed — India's first-negative-net-load moment, one state at a time. Modelled per-state net load (Demand−Solar), India Energy Atlas.

Frequently asked

What is the duck curve?
The duck curve is the shape of net electricity demand — total demand minus solar and wind — across a day. As solar rises around midday, net load dips into a belly; as solar fades in the evening, net load ramps up steeply, tracing a duck-like silhouette.
How deep is India's midday net-load turn-down?
In May 2026, all-India net load falls about 34% from its evening/night peak of roughly 216 GW to a daytime belly of about 143 GW, with around 83 GW of solar and wind at the belly (India Energy Atlas, modelled from POSOCO demand and vintage-scaled renewables, as of September 2026).
What is India's winter camel curve?
In winter India's net load traces a double-humped 'Bactrian camel' rather than a duck: a pre-dawn hump as households wake to the cold, a solar-fed midday trough, and an evening hump after dark. By January 2026 the midday trough has fallen below the pre-dawn floor — solar now pushes the belly beneath the night-time base. The EAC-PM working paper 'The Duck and The Camel' (EAC-PM/WP/53/2026) traces the same shapes; the live curves here update daily and add per-state detail. Use the season switcher to compare the summer duck, the winter camel and the monsoon.
What happens to the duck curve in the monsoon?
In the monsoon the duck flattens. Heavy cloud cuts solar output, so the midday belly is shallower and net load looks more like a conventional demand profile than the deep summer duck or the double-humped winter camel. India Energy Atlas materialises July net load alongside the May duck and the January camel, so you can switch seasons on the live page and compare — the same three-season arc the EAC-PM working paper 'The Duck and The Camel' (EAC-PM/WP/53/2026) traces.
What is net demand?
Net demand = total electricity demand − solar − wind. It is the load the dispatchable fleet (coal, gas, hydro, nuclear, storage) must actually serve, and the right lens for the duck curve because solar and wind are not dispatchable.
Is India's net load ever negative?
Nationally not yet — net load stays around 65% of peak at its lowest. But high-solar states are approaching zero: Rajasthan is the leading first-negative-net-load candidate in India Energy Atlas's modelled per-state series — India's 'California moment' in the making.
Where can I get the data?
The hourly net-demand profile and records are open (CC-BY) via the India Energy Atlas API at /api/intelligence/net-demand and on the live page at energymap.in/duck-curve.